Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi in central Sindh and sehwan. Copper coin (998 – 1030 A.D).

 

Ghaznawid power in central Sindh and sehwan. 

From the 5^th/11^th century onwords, it is difficult to know how sindh was divided between the local sumra dynasty and the Ghaznawid and later Ghurid empires. It seems that the sumra were centred on Lower Sindh and the strategic city of Sehwan may have escaped their rule, being on the boundary of the Ghaznawid and Ghurid dynasties.

Mahmud Ghaznavi, who was one of the famous King of the eleventh Century A.D. He was born in Ghazni in the city of Khewa (Afghanistan) on 2^nd November 971 and the empire at the death of Mahmud of Ghazna (A.H 421 [30 April 1030]) extended over the Punjab and a part of Sindh.

Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni after having dealt with the ruler of Multandiverted his attention to al-Mansurah Kingdom which was situated inSind proper. The ruler of al-Mansurah, whose name has come down to us from the poetical collections of Farrukhi, was Khafif, who it is said, fled to the jungles.

The historical evidence of the Ghaznavid and the Ghorid period together with the early slave Sultanate period indicates that the rule of these foreigners was restricted to northern and central Sind. Their rule appears to have extended only to the towns of Bakhar, Siwistan and al-Mansurah as no reference is made to the towns of lower Sind and Thar regions The rule of the Sumrah Rajputs was firmly established in lower Sind with their capital Mahatum Tur in the delta region of the Indus, long before the rise of the Ghaznavid Sultans.

Some coins copper and silver (998 – 1030 A.D) were issued in dynasty of Mahmud Ghaznavi.

These coins Arabic script of Kufic style but its various denomination dirhams were in use inKingdomofSindh.

Obverse: script written in Arabic top “Allah” with two stars Muhammad Rasul (Muhammad P.B.U.H) Allah Yamin al Daaw la wa Ameen al Milla below written Mahmud.

Reverse: Adal (justice) Arabic script, under La Illah Illa lah Wa Had Hu la sharek lahu under below Yamini.